FAT-WHYME

Type 23 Frigate

Design
Intended role
"The class frigate Type 23 was conceived in late 1970 as a light anti-submarine frigate whose function meet main nuclear threat then Soviet submarine in the North Atlantic. This new class is meant to replace the Leander class frigate, which was developed in the 1950 and class frigate Type 21, developed in the early 1960 as the backbone of the force of Royal Navy surface ship anti-submarine. Type 23 class frigate was not purchased as a replacement for the Type 22 frigates. "Even with the reductions in the size of the Navy as a result of the Strategic Review Defense 1998, the last of the 23s type, St Albans has been replaced at a rate of 22, Coventry.
The ships were to carry a towed array sonar to detect submarines Soviets in the North Atlantic and take a Westland Lynx or Merlin helicopter to attack EHI. Was initially proposed that the frigates will not mount defensive weapons. In contrast, the Sea Wolf missile system would be taken by Fort Victoria class replenishment oilers, one of which was to support 23s typically four types. Strong also service facilities for the force helicopters, the type 23 which have facilities only to rearm and resupply them.
Evolution
As result of lessons learned from the Falklands War, the design grew in size and complexity that comprises the vertical launch Sea Wolf (VLS) system with a system extra monitoring as a defense against low-flying aircraft and sea-skimming anti-ship missiles like the Exocet. With the addition of Harpoon surface-to-earth and a gun medium caliber naval gunfire support, the Type 23 had become a more complex and balanced ship optimized for the war in general, which introduced a number of new technologies and concepts for the Royal Navy. These include extensive radar cross section reduction measures design, automation to substantially reduce the size of the crew, a CODLAG (combined diesel-electric and gas) propulsion system provide quiet operation for anti-submarine operations along with excellent range, technology vertical launch missiles and combat management system fully distributed.
The vertical launch Sea Wolf surface-to-air missile system is designed and deployed for the first time in the Type 23. Unlike the Sea Wolf, the missile rises vertically until it clears the ship super-structure and then fly again directly to the target. Consequently, the ship's structure does not produce areas of high fire retard or inhibit the release of a conventional system in place.
HMS Norfolk was the first class to enter service, deployed in the fleet on June 1, 1990 at a cost of £ 135.449 million, ships more cost 60-96 million pounds.
Nomenclature
Although the Type 23 is officially the "Duke" class and includes such famous names as HMS Iron Duke, (who had been the name of the battleship HMS Iron Duke, Admiral Jellicoe's flagship at the Battle of Jutland), five of the names had been used previously in the classes known as the "class County: Kent and Norfolk were the names given to the 1960 guided missile destroyers and heavy cruisers War era, while Monmouth, Lancaster, Kent and revived Argyll names by the First World War era cruisers. This use of the names Duke and the county broke a tradition of alphabetical names of the escort vessels, I had run into two – not continuously – cycles of L class destroyers from 1913 to the Daring class destroyers in 1950, this increase was revived with the Amazon Class Type 21 frigates from 1972-1975, and continued with the names of B and C for most of the Type 22 frigates from 1976-1989. However, the D names have been used for the new Type 45 destroyer Daring class entering service from 2009.
Specifications
Propeller Type 23, specially designed for underwater noise reduction.
Weapon System
2 x quadruple Harpoon missile launchers
32 x vertical launch Sea Wolf surface to air missiles (VLS GWS 26 Mod 1 Block 2 system)
1 x 114 mm (4.5 in) Vickers Mark 8 gun (all ships being upgraded to a standard Mod)
2 x Oerlikon 30 mm L/75 KCB guns on a single Laurence Scott DS-30B mount. Be upgraded to remote control the electro-optical director
4 x 324 mm Cray Marino (2 double) fixed torpedo tubes, Marconi Sting Ray
Seagnat NATO Type 182 and countermeasures launchers DLF3
Aircraft:
Westland Lynx helicopters AgustaWestland Merlin HM.8 or HM.1 and Chilean Navy Cougar AS532
Armament:
Sea Skua missiles (Lynx only)
Sting Ray torpedo
depth charges
AM-39 Exocet (Armada de Chile Pumas)
Electronic Systems
Search: BAE Systems Radar Type 996 Mod 1, 3D surveillance
Navigation: Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 and Racal Decca Radar Type 1008
Fire-fighting:
2 x GEC Marconi Type 911 Sea Wolf systems
Sperry Mar 30 optronics monitoring and director Archer
Arch sound: Such type systems under water 2050
towed sonar: Ultra Electronics Type 2031Z and was replaced by Type 2087 in eight boats
Combat System Administration: System Command DNA BAE Systems (1)
Note: Search Type 23 radar is replaced by BAE Systems Insyte Artisan 3D radar. The radar also equips the class and the Sea Assault ship HMS Albion, and being in the two future aircraft carriers Queen Elizabeth class. The project was worth 100 million contract announced in August 4, 2008.
System command
The first several Type 23 frigates entered service without a computerized command system, so that the Secretary of State for Defence was asked "what capacity of the Type 23 frigates do not have an automatic control control system and have to identify the aircraft, either as friend or enemy "was the answer, because:". The classification of an aircraft as friendly or hostile relies on information from a variety of sources, including vessel identification friend or foe (IFF) and other sensors. In T23 frigates equipped with a system not control this information will be available, but does not correlate automatically. "
Crew size
"The first time I ordered crew complement carried by Type 23 frigates was 173. The current [January 1998] complement is 171. "" No plans for reducing the complement of frigates Type 23 for replacement of equipment with less labor intensive. Manning implications are taken into account when the operational requirement for ships of the future is considered, however, add size is affected by other considerations such as the labor required for damage control and firefighting. "
Helicopters
The following table shows how helicopters took each of the Type 23 frigates, broken down by type of helicopter, as claimed by the Navy in January 2006.
Vessel name
Helicopter type
Number
HMS Argyll
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Sutherland
Lynx Mk3
1
HMS Montrose
Lynx MK8
1
HMS St Albans
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Iron Duke
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Kent
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Portland
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Somerset
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Grafton (not operational on March 31, 2006)
Lynx MK8
1
HMS Lancaster
Merlin Mk1
1
HMS Monmouth
Merlin Mk1
1
HMS Westminster
Merlin Mk1
1
HMS Northumberland
Merlin Mk1
1
Source: Hansard 10 January 2006.
Sonar 2087
Five Type 23 frigates, HM ships Montrose, Monmouth, Duke of Iron, Lancaster and Argyll are not scheduled to receive Sónar 2087. These vessels will be used throughout the normal range of strategic and walking home commitments abroad. These include escort duties in the fleet ready about the source waters, operational deployments to the Gulf and Arabian Sea, and the tasks standing in the South Atlantic (APT (S)), Caribbean (APT (N)) and within Standing Maritime Group of NATO in the Mediterranean (SNMG2). Also continue to contribute to the UK Maritime Joint Rapid Reaction Force (JRRF), held in high availability for contingent operations, and implement the activities planned in advance as JRRF elements within a Task Group. "
Construction Program
Before the Falklands "the average cost of the Type 23 frigate, as then expected, was estimated at 75 million in September prices 1980. This is equivalent to 103 million to 198,485 price. "" A number of improvements in ship design have taken place recently, some of the lessons derived learned in the Falklands conflict and others that were already underway. We are reducing the amount of flammable material in warships and trying to improve resistant wiring fire. We are also replacing foam mattresses spring mattresses to reduce the risk of fire. Some redesign was carried out with the introduction of doors better and watertight hatches, and other measures are being taken into damage control, with special reference to the spread of fire and smoke. The comments were made about the inadequacy of aluminum in the structure of a ship as it loses strength in the fire. It is used only in the Type 21 frigates and is not being used on warships today. "By January 1985," the average cost of the Type 23 frigate is currently estimated at 110 million euros to 198,485 price. This includes the cost of design changes deemed necessary as a result of lessons learned. In the Falklands campaign "In 2001, the Ministry of Defence said:" The cost of the HMS Norfolk, the first class frigates Type 23, was 135 449 000. The following 16 ships have cost, or an estimated cost of late payments not yet due, among 60 million and 96 million depending on the ship received the order and scope of equipment supplied shipbuilder. "
The Ministry of Defense said in 1998 that the helicopter Merlin ASW will cost them 97 million each (it was an order for 44 airframes), and this was 57% of the cost of type 23. From this we can calculate that the cost of Type 23 was 170.1 million each.
Costs in the table below are in two columns:
Original cost of the helmet. "Other costs, such as equipment Government sent, not carried out centrally for each vessel and could be provided at a disproportionate cost. "
construction cost estimate. This is a phrase used in the estimates of Defense, and before that the estimates of the Navy. Does not include weapons or government furnished equipment.
In placing contracts construction for the type 23, the Government of the policy was "to place orders for warships after the competition, to ensure maximum profitability defense budget. Price of supply and compliance with the terms of the contract will be important considerations in the current competence of Type 23 frigates. However, as the Ministry of Defence confirmed in its response to the report 31 of the Public Accounts Committee (Session 198788), your strategy is to maintain sufficient capacity vessel War of the capacity to meet likely future defense needs and a competitive basis and these two goals are always taken into account in the placement of each ship and orders submarine. "
Pennant
Name
(A) the manufacturer's hull
Ordered
Established
Released
Accepted into service
Custom
Hull initial cost
construction cost estimate
F230
Norfolk
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
October 29, 1984
December 14 1985
July 10, 1987
June 1, 1990
112,030,000
142,000,000
135,449,000
F231
Argyll
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
September 1, 1986
March 20, 1987
April 8, 1989
April 17, 1991
May 31, 1991
118,950.000
F229 (Ex-F232)
Lancaster
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
September 1, 1986
December 18, 1987
May 24, 1990
May 1, 1992
119,710,000
F233
Marlborough
Swan Hunter.
September 1, 1986
October 22, 1987
January 21, 1989
March 7, 1991
14 June 1991
118,430,000
120,000,000
F234
Iron Duke
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
July 11, 1988
December 12, 1988
March 2, 1991
May 20, 1993
109,770,000
F235
Monmouth
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
July 11, 1988
June 1, 1989
November 23, 1991
September 24, 1993
111,660,000
F236
Montrose
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
July 11, 1988
November 1, 1989
July 31, 1992
June 2, 1994
117,290,000
F237
Westminster
Swan Hunter.
December 1989
January 18, 1991
February 4, 1992
May 13, 1994
112,680,000
F238
Northumberland
Swan Hunter.
December 1989
April 4, 1991
April 4, 1992
November 29, 1994
114,730,000
F239
Richmond
Swan Hunter.
December 1989
February 16, 1992
April 6, 1993
June 22, 1995
116,200,000
F82
Somerset
Constructor Yarrow naval Ltd.
January 1992
October 12, 1992
June 25, 1994
September 20, 1996
114,140,000
F80
Grafton
Constructor Yarrow naval Ltd.
January 1992
May 13, 1993
November 5, 1994
May 29, 1997
115,560,000
79,000,000
F81
Sutherland
Yarrow Shipbuilder Ltd
January 1992
October 14, 1993
March 9, 1996
July 4, 1997
143,580,000
F78
Kent
Yarrow Ltd. shipbuilder
February 1996
April 16, 1997
May 27, 1998
June 8, 2000
108,420,000
F79
Portland
Marconi Marina. [Formerly Yarrow.]
February 1996
January 14, 1998
May 15, 1999
December 15, 2000
May 3, 2001
92,060,000
F83
St Albans
BAE Marine Systems. [Formerly Yarrow.]
February 1996
April 18, 1999
May 6, 2000
6 June 2002
106,820,000
Operating expenses
Date
Operating costs
What's Included
Citation
198788
3.6 million
Estimated annual operating costs for a 23 frigate. These costs include personnel, fuel, spare parts, etc, and administrative support services, but no new construction, capital goods, expenses repair and refurbishment.
2001-02
10.3 million
"The average annual operating costs, acquisition costs in recent two full financial years are given in the table. The figures include labor, maintenance, fuel, supplies and other expenses (such as port charges), but excludes depreciation and the cost of capital. "
2002-03
10.3 million
known reinstall
HMS Iron Duke was starting to ride at the Royal Dockyard Rosyth in the spring of 2001.
"Riding in Rosyth HMS Montrose is scheduled for completion in February 2004 and after the tests associated with the sea, is expected ready for operational deployment by the end of this month. The final cost of setting up once agreed that all work is completed, but is expected to be a little less than 23 million. This exceeds the original budget as it now reflects the possible changes in labor rates and takes into account the additional work after that the budget had been set. "
Reinstall completed since 1997
Barco SM
Replace dates
Approx. duration
Contract price
The final value
Source
Argyll
June 3 to 3 November
24 weeks
5600000
5600000
Lancaster
May 2004 hasta December 1904
32 weeks
7600000
7.6 million
Somerset
May 2006 to June 1907
56 weeks
11.9 million
11.9 million
Portland
May 6 to 7 January
44 weeks
8700000
8700000
Richmond
August 2005 to September 1906
56 weeks
9400000
9400000
Kent
Jan 05-05 June
24 weeks
5800000
5800000
Contracts under the SSS Program
Barco SM
Replace dates
Duration
Contracted Price incl. profit and growth
Turn out excluding the cost. profit
The final value (m)
Source
Iron Duke
February 2007 until November 1907
40 weeks
10.8 million
St Albans
May 7-July 8
60 weeks
15.4 million
Availability
In February 1998, stated: "Type 23 frigates reached about 85 to 89 percent of average availability for operational service in each of the last five years, with the exception of 1996 when figure fell to just over 80 percent due to a number of vessels undergoing a defect in particular. This time spent on planned maintenance discounts. "
Elimination
On July 21, 2004, in providing security in a changing global review of defense spending, Defense Secretary Geoff Hoon announced that the HMS Norfolk, Marlborough and Grafton were to be paid. In 2005 it was announced that these three ships were sold to the Chilean Navy to be delivered in 2008. In September 2005 BAE Systems was awarded a EUR 134 million contract to prepare the frigates for transfer.
The Marlborough, Grafton and Norfolk were sold to Chile for a total of $ 134 million. The letter of intent to purchase was signed in December 2004, followed by a formal contract, the September 7, 2005.
The Norfolk was presented by the Organization for Defending BAE Systems and Logistics and commissioned in the Chilean Navy on November 22, 2006, and named Almirante Cochrane (FF-05) (in honor of Lord Cochrane, a naval hero the British and Chilean). The Grafton was delivered to the Chilean Navy on March 28, 2007 in Portsmouth and renamed Almirante Lynch (FF-07). The Marlborough was delivered to Chilean Navy 28 May 2008 in Portsmouth and renamed Almirante Condell (FF-06).
Name
RN Home port
Out of date of service
(As provided in 2006)
Out of Service Date
(As announced in 2009)
Real out of service date
Name after the sale abroad
New source port
On behalf of the foreign armed
Status
HMS Norfolk
Devonport
The year 2005-06
Admiral Cochrane FF-05
Valparaiso
November 22, 2006
Chilean Navy Active
HMS Marlborough
Portsmouth
The year 2005-06
FF-06 Almirante Condell
Valparaiso
2008
Chilean Navy Active
HMS Grafton
Portsmouth
Operative from 31 March 2006 no.
FF-07 Almirante Lynch
Valparaiso
March 28, 2007
Chilean Navy Active
HMS Argyll
Devonport
2019
2023
Active RN
HMS Lancaster
Portsmouth
2019
2024
Active RN
HMS Iron Duke
Portsmouth
2020
2025
Active RN
HMS Monmouth
Devonport
2021
2026
Active RN
HMS Montrose
Devonport
2021
2027
Active RN
HMS Westminster
Portsmouth
2028
Active RN
HMS Northumberland
Devonport
2029
Active RN
HMS Richmond
Portsmouth
2030
Active RN
HMS Somerset
Devonport
2031
Active RN
HMS Sutherland
Devonport
2033
Active RN
HMS Kent
Portsmouth
2034
Active RN
HMS Portland
Devonport
2035
Active RN
HMS St Albans
Portsmouth
2036
Active RN
The current Royal Navy Type 22 and Type 23 frigates were replaced by the Future Surface Combatant but the program has not yet reached the stage of major investment decisions. However, on current plans, we expect the ship to enter service late next decade.
Type 23 frigates in fiction
HMS Westminster was used to type 23 interior shots in the James Bond movie Tomorrow Never Dies in three different HMS Chester roles as the HMS Devonshire and HMS Bedford. For the exterior shots of a model type 23 was built.
The ITV series Making Waves was established on board the frigate Type 23 HMS Suffolk (who was portrayed by HMS Grafton).
HMS Montrose and HMS Monmouth were used to photograph the interior and exterior shots of the fictional HMS Monarch for Command approved film is the centerpiece of the stations in Portsmouth Historic Action Arsenal, Portsmouth, England.
Footnotes
^ Http: / / website.lineone.net / ~ david-carrington/Militaria/RoyalNavy/Major.htm
Abc ^ Hansard 5 July 2001: Column: 245W Questions to the Secretary of State for Defence, July 5, 2001.
^ Hansard 11 July 2000: Column: 449W asked the Secretary of State for Defence when he planned to withdraw the item II Type 22 frigates from service. His response:
HMS Sheffield 2012 – to be replaced by a T45 Destroyer
HMS Coventry 2001 – was replaced by HMS St. Albans, a frigate T23.
^ ab "Defense, Where is the cache? ". The Economist, p. 21. 07.10.1982.
^ "House of Wikipedia Hansard Written Answers for July 5, 2001." Hansard (report official). His Majesty's Government. 05/07/2001. Http: / / www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo010705/text/10705w05.htm. Retrieved on 2007-07-23.
^ Http: / / www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.13459/changeNav/6568 Royal Navy News and Events: Navy to Get New Radar
Hansard HC ^ ab Alma November 2, 1989 vol 159 cc333-4W Questions to the Secretary of State for Defence, November 2, 1989.
ab ^ Hansard 10 February 1998: Column: 195, February 10, 1998: Column: 196 Questions to the Secretary of State for Defence on the allocation and availability of vessels war, February 10, 1998.
^ Abc Hansard January 10, 2006: Question 505Wontinued column to the Secretary of State for Defence as many helicopters are made by each of Type 23 frigates, broken down by type of helicopter, January 10, 2006.
Abcdef ^ Hansard 17 July 2006: Column 220W asked the Secretary of State for Defence on five Type 23 frigates are not required to dispose of Sonar 2087, the July 17, 2006.
HC ^ ab Alma January 11, 1985 vol 70 questions c561W to Secretary of State Defense on the Type 23 frigates, 11 January 1985.
^ HC Hansard Alma July 19, 1983 vol 46 cc179-263
^ Warship World, Spring 1998, a pub Books Maritime, page 13. This figure of 97 million each included research and development costs.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz aa ab ac ad ae af ag Hansard 13 March 2008: Column 667W asked the Secretary of State for Defence about the cost of implementing each Type 23 frigate, March 13, 2008.
^ ab "The unit cost ie excluding the costs of certain items (eg, aircraft, first set). "- Text of the estimates Defenses
"It does not include other costs, as Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) s that are not held centrally for each vessel and could be provided at a disproportionate cost. "Bob Ainsworth, Minister of State for the Armed Forces on 16 July 2008.
^ The term used in the Navy estimates and estimates of Defense is "accepted into service." Hansard has used the term date of acceptance. Leo Marriott in his books several uses the term "complete", as Jane's Fighting ships. All these terms mean the same thing: the date the Navy accepts the ship builder. This date is important because the cycles of maintenance, etc are generally calculated from the date of acceptance.
Hansard HC ^ abcdef Alma October 23, 1989 vol 158 cc358-61W Question to the Secretary of State for Defence to ask the list of Royal Navy ships built in each the past 15 years, which show the cost of each of the yards in which they were built.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Saunders, Fighting Jane Stephen Ships 2002-2003, Jane's publishing group of the Information, 2002, ISBN 0-7106-2432-8 page 776.
Abcdefghijklmnopqrstu Vwxy za ^ Gardiner, Robert Conway All combat ships of 1947-1995, a pub Conway Maritime Press, 1995, ISBN 0-85177-605-1 page 525.
Abcd ^ Hansard 24 May 2007: Column 1388Wontinued asked the Secretary of State for Defence, naval vessels have been sold by the Royal Navy in the last five years, what type of vessel (a), (b) the cost of services, and (C) the country of destination was in each case and whether to estimate the costs (i) the original of each vessel and (ii) the financial benefits derived from public funds as a result of each sale, May 24, 2007.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak to Saunders, Stephen Jane Fighting Ships 2008-2009, pub information Jane's Group, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7106-2845-9 page 862.
Ab ^ HC Hansard 23 May 1991 Questions to the Secretary of State for Defence about building program Type 23, May 23, 1991.
^ A b "HMS Portland." Type 23 frigates. royalnavy.mod.uk. 2009. http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/type-23-frigates/hms-portland/. Retrieved on January 7, 2010.
Alma ^ HC Hansard 10 March 1989 vol 148 c44W Question to the Secretary of State for Defence on the annual running costs of different class frigates and destroyers.
Alma Hansard HC ^ September 9, 2003 vol 410 cc346-7W Question to the Secretary of State for Defence ab average operating cost (a) Lot 3 type 22 (b) type 23 and 9 (c) Type 42 destroyers in September 2003.
^ Hansard 11 July 2000: Column: 449W asked the Secretary of State for Defence about what of Type 23 frigates are to be replacing in the next 12 months, the July 11, 2000.
^ Hansard 5 March 2003: Column 1031W asked the Secretary of State Defence about replacing the HMS Montrose, March 5, 2003.
^ data out turn costs are not necessary for completed contracts as the price is agreed in the negotiations of the contract.
^ Abcdefgh November 25, 2008: Column WA280
Abcd ^ Saunders, Stephen Jane's Fighting Ships 2008-2009, pub Jane's Information Group, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7106-2845-9 page 111.
ABCDEFGHIJKLM ^ Hansard 3 March 2009: Question 1446Wontinued column to the Secretary of State for Defence what the (a) in service dates and (b) the current out of service dates are for each submarine (i), (ii) frigate and (iii) destroyer in the Royal Navy, March 3, 2009.
^ March 3 2009: Column 1445W asked the Secretary of State for Defence what the (a) in-service dates and (b) the actual dates are unavailable for each sub (i), (ii) frigate and (iii) destroyer of the Royal Navy, March 3, 2009.
^ Www.imdb.com
References
The Encyclopedia of Warships of the Second World War to Currently, the General Editor Robert Jackson
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Type 23 frigate
Duke Class Type 23 Frigate
EV
Type 23 Frigate
Royal Navy
Norfolk Argyll Lancaster Marlborough Iron Duke Monmouth Montrose Westminster Northumberland Richmond Somerset Grafton Sutherland Kent Portland St Albans
Chilean Navy
Almirante Cochrane (ex-Norfolk) Almirante Condell (ex-Marlborough) Almirante Lynch (ex-Grafton)
List of frigates of the Royal Navy
Categories: Frigate classes | Type 23 frigates | Active frigates of the United KingdomHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from June 2008 | All articles lacking sources About the Author

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